Portable Document Format

What is a .pdf file?

PDF (Portable Document Format) is a file format developed by Adobe to present documents consistently across all devices and platforms, preserving fonts, images, and layout.

Technical Details

Developer
Adobe Systems
First Released
1993
MIME Type
application/pdf
Extension
.pdf

What is PDF?

PDF was created to solve a fundamental problem: sharing documents that look the same regardless of the software, hardware, or operating system used to view them. Today, PDF is an open standard (ISO 32000) and the universal format for official documents, contracts, manuals, and any content that needs to maintain its exact appearance.

Key Characteristics

  • Platform-independent
  • Preserves exact formatting
  • Supports images, fonts, vectors
  • Can include interactive forms
  • Supports digital signatures
  • Searchable text (when not scanned)

How to Open .pdf Files

PDFs can be opened with many free applications:

  • Adobe Acrobat Reader (free)
  • Web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Edge)
  • Preview (Mac)
  • Foxit Reader (free)
  • SumatraPDF (free, Windows)

Common Uses

  • Official documents and contracts
  • Ebooks and manuals
  • Invoices and receipts
  • Print-ready designs
  • Government forms

Pros and Cons

Pros

  • Consistent appearance everywhere
  • Widely supported
  • Can be secured and signed
  • Compact file size

Cons

  • Difficult to edit without special software
  • Not ideal for responsive content
  • Can be large with many images
  • Accessibility can be limited

Need to Work with PDFs?

Use our free PDF tools to add dark mode, flatten forms, or secure your documents.

Try PDF Tools

Related Formats

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